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Demographics

5,463 developers took part in this second edition of the State of Devs survey.

Χώρα ή περιοχή

It's no secret that U.S. developers tend to earn higher salaries, and the data once again confirms this trend.

But while U.S. respondents earn a lot, they also work a lot. On the other hand, the United Kingdom, Norway and Denmark stand out as ranking in the top 10 for both highest income and fewest hours worked.

Note that this year we additionally asked respondents for their country of origin, although no big differences were observed.

Πού κατοικείτε αυτή τη στιγμή;
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01
USA
02
Germany
+1
03
United Kingdom
-1
04
France
05
Canada
06
Australia
+2
07
Netherlands
-1
08
Spain
-1
09
Poland
10
Sweden
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100%

Migration Experience

Looking at immigration experience reveals that respondents who have immigrant parents or are immigrants themselves tend to earn significantly more (although speculating on the causes of this correlation is beyond the scope of this survey).

And while Japan shows the highest immigration levels among respondents, this is almost certainly due to the survey failing to reach the native Japanese population more than to any real demographic trend.

On the other hand, despite being known as “a nation of immigrants”, only 17% of respondents from the U.S. have immigrant roots, versus 22% overall.

Were you born in your current country of residence?
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1
Yes
2
Yes, to one or more immigrant parents
3
No, in a different country
4
No, in a different country to one or more immigrant parents
5
Other Answers
0%
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100%

Native Languages

When comparing the lists of native languages (tab 1) and languages learned later on (tab 2), one entry stands out: while only 20 respondents speak Japanese natively, 140 of them have learned it, reflecting the country's strong cultural pull.
What are your native languages?
Freeform
Multiple
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01
English
02
German
03
French
04
Spanish
05
Russian
06
Portuguese
07
Dutch
08
Polish
09
Italian
10
Swedish
11
Ukrainian
12
Czech
13
Hungarian
14
Hindi
15
Norwegian
16
Finnish
17
Romanian
18
Hebrew
19
Slovak
20
Chinese
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16%
Percentage of women and non-binary respondents among those who specified their gender.

Looking at the data reveals that while most factors are not strongly correlated with gender, a few key areas definitely are.

For example, men tend not to experience workplace discrimination as much, and are also much more likely to identify as straight/heterosexual.

Ποια από τις παρακάτω επιλογές σας περιγράφει;
0%
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1
Άνδρας
2
Γυναίκα
3
Non-Binary ή GNC
4
Δεν αναφέρεται
0%
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40%
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Ενώ καταλαβαίνουμε ότι η συλλογή και δημοσίευση δεδομένων ποικιλομορφίας μπορεί να είναι ευαίσθητο ζήτημα, πιστεύουμε ότι είναι σημαντικό να συλλέξουμε αυτά τα δεδομένα για να μετρήσουμε και να βελτιώσουμε την προσπάθεια της έρευνας όσον αφορά τη συμπερίληψη και την αντιπροσωπευτικότητα.

Sexual Orientation

Sexual orientation is an area that lacks both data and representation in the developer community, and for that reason we decided to add it to the survey this year.

Straight/heterosexual respondents are more likely to identify as right-wing, and less likely to experience neurodivergent conditions, while both gay/lesbian and bisexual groups are more likely to be worried about rising intolerance as a global issue.

What is your sexual orientation?
0%
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1
Straight/heterosexual
2
Gay or lesbian
3
Bisexual
4
Questioning/unsure
5
asexual
6
pansexual
7
queer
8
Other Answers
0%
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Φυλή & εθνικότητα

As one might expect, race is strongly correlated with native language (note that Country and Country of Origin are automatically filtered out here).

Another correlation worth pointing out: white respondents are more likely to be older and have more years of programming experience, which has been a recurring finding since tracking this datapoint.

Ποια από τις παρακάτω επιλογές σας περιγράφει;
Multiple
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01
Λευκός/η
02
Λατινοαμερικανός/η
03
Από την Άπω Ανατολή
04
Μιγάς/άδα (3+)
+2
05
Μεσανατολίτης/ισσα
+2
06
Από τη ΝΑ Ασία
-1
07
Από τη Νότια Ασία
-3
08
Μαύρος/η/Αφρικανικής Καταγωγής
09
Γηγενής Αμερικανός/ή, Πολυνήσιος/α, Γηγενής Αυστραλός/ή
10
Slav
+2
11
European
-1
12
Other Answers
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Ενώ καταλαβαίνουμε ότι η συλλογή και δημοσίευση δεδομένων ποικιλομορφίας μπορεί να είναι ευαίσθητο ζήτημα, πιστεύουμε ότι είναι σημαντικό να συλλέξουμε αυτά τα δεδομένα για να μετρήσουμε και να βελτιώσουμε την προσπάθεια της έρευνας όσον αφορά τη συμπερίληψη και την αντιπροσωπευτικότητα.

Relationship Status

As one might expect, married respondents have more children–but not that much more. With an average of only 0.9 children, even married couples are far below the often-cited 2.1 children population replacement rate.
What is your current relationship status?
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1
Married/in a relationship
2
Single
3
It's complicated
4
Other Answers
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Number of Kids

The global fertility collapse is in full display in this dataset, with families with 4 kids or more accounting for less than 2% of respondents.

One cause is that respondents are waiting to have children later in life (the average number of children in the 20-29 age bracket is a mere 0.07), resulting in a much shorter window before the eventual biological cutoff.

How many children do you have?
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1
None
2
1
3
2
4
3
5
4
6
5 or more
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