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5,463 developers took part in this second edition of the State of Devs survey.

Quốc gia hoặc Khu vực

It's no secret that U.S. developers tend to earn higher salaries, and the data once again confirms this trend.

But while U.S. respondents earn a lot, they also work a lot. On the other hand, the United Kingdom, Norway and Denmark stand out as ranking in the top 10 for both highest income and fewest hours worked.

Note that this year we additionally asked respondents for their country of origin, although no big differences were observed.

Where do you currently reside?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
01
USA
02
Germany
+1
03
United Kingdom
-1
04
France
05
Canada
06
Australia
+2
07
Netherlands
-1
08
Spain
-1
09
Poland
10
Sweden
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%

Migration Experience

Looking at immigration experience reveals that respondents who have immigrant parents or are immigrants themselves tend to earn significantly more (although speculating on the causes of this correlation is beyond the scope of this survey).

And while Japan shows the highest immigration levels among respondents, this is almost certainly due to the survey failing to reach the native Japanese population more than to any real demographic trend.

On the other hand, despite being known as “a nation of immigrants”, only 17% of respondents from the U.S. have immigrant roots, versus 22% overall.

Were you born in your current country of residence?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1
Yes
2
Yes, to one or more immigrant parents
3
No, in a different country
4
No, in a different country to one or more immigrant parents
5
Câu trả lời khác
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%

Native Languages

When comparing the lists of native languages (tab 1) and languages learned later on (tab 2), one entry stands out: while only 20 respondents speak Japanese natively, 140 of them have learned it, reflecting the country's strong cultural pull.
What are your native languages?
(câu hỏi dạng tự do)
Multiple
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
01
Tiếng Anh
02
Tiếng Đức
03
Tiếng Pháp
04
Tiếng Tây Ban Nha
05
Tiếng Nga
06
Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha
07
Tiếng Hà Lan
08
Tiếng Ba lan
09
Tiếng Ý
10
Tiếng Thụy Điển
11
Tiếng Ukraina
12
Tiếng Czech
13
Tiếng Hungary
14
Tiếng Hindi
15
Norwegian
16
Finnish
17
Tiếng Romani
18
Hebrew
19
Tiếng Slovak
20
Chinese
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
16%
Percentage of women and non-binary respondents among those who specified their gender.

Looking at the data reveals that while most factors are not strongly correlated with gender, a few key areas definitely are.

For example, men tend not to experience workplace discrimination as much, and are also much more likely to identify as straight/heterosexual.

Có tùy chọn nào sau đây mô tả về bạn không? Hãy chọn một.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1
Nam
2
Nữ
3
Lưỡng tính hoặc không theo tiêu chuẩn giới
4
Không được liệt kê
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Mặc dù chúng tôi biết việc thu thập và xuất bản dữ liệu đa dạng có thể là một vấn đề nhạy cảm, chúng tôi nghĩ rằng điều quan trọng là có được dữ liệu này để giúp đo lường và cải thiện những nỗ lực của cuộc khảo sát về tính toàn diện và tính đại diện.

Sexual Orientation

Sexual orientation is an area that lacks both data and representation in the developer community, and for that reason we decided to add it to the survey this year.

Straight/heterosexual respondents are more likely to identify as right-wing, and less likely to experience neurodivergent conditions, while both gay/lesbian and bisexual groups are more likely to be worried about rising intolerance as a global issue.

What is your sexual orientation?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1
Straight/heterosexual
2
Gay or lesbian
3
Bisexual
4
Questioning/unsure
5
asexual
6
pansexual
7
queer
8
Câu trả lời khác
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%

Chủng tộc & Sắc tộc

As one might expect, race is strongly correlated with native language (note that Country and Country of Origin are automatically filtered out here).

Another correlation worth pointing out: white respondents are more likely to be older and have more years of programming experience, which has been a recurring finding since tracking this datapoint.

Có tùy chọn nào sau đây mô tả về bạn không? Hãy chọn tất cả những mục phù hợp.
Multiple
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
01
Da trắng
02
Tây Ban Nha hoặc Mỹ Latinh
03
Đông Á
04
Đa sắc tộc
+2
05
Trung Đông
+2
06
Đông Nam Á
-1
07
Nam Á
-3
08
Da Đen/Gốc Phi
09
Người Mỹ bản địa/người đảo Thái Bình Dương/người Úc bản địa
10
Slav
+2
11
Châu Âu
-1
12
Câu trả lời khác
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Mặc dù chúng tôi biết việc thu thập và xuất bản dữ liệu đa dạng có thể là một vấn đề nhạy cảm, chúng tôi nghĩ rằng điều quan trọng là có được dữ liệu này để giúp đo lường và cải thiện những nỗ lực của cuộc khảo sát về tính toàn diện và tính đại diện.

Relationship Status

As one might expect, married respondents have more children–but not that much more. With an average of only 0.9 children, even married couples are far below the often-cited 2.1 children population replacement rate.
What is your current relationship status?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1
Married/in a relationship
2
Single
3
It's complicated
4
Câu trả lời khác
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%

The global fertility collapse is in full display in this dataset, with families with 4 kids or more accounting for less than 2% of respondents.

One cause is that respondents are waiting to have children later in life (the average number of children in the 20-29 age bracket is a mere 0.07), resulting in a much shorter window before the eventual biological cutoff.

How many children do you have?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1
None
2
1
3
2
4
3
5
4
6
5 or more
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%