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5,463 developers took part in this second edition of the State of Devs survey.

나라 또는 지역

It's no secret that U.S. developers tend to earn higher salaries, and the data once again confirms this trend.

But while U.S. respondents earn a lot, they also work a lot. On the other hand, the United Kingdom, Norway and Denmark stand out as ranking in the top 10 for both highest income and fewest hours worked.

Note that this year we additionally asked respondents for their country of origin, although no big differences were observed.

Where do you currently reside?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
01
USA
02
Germany
+1
03
United Kingdom
-1
04
France
05
Canada
06
Australia
+2
07
Netherlands
-1
08
Spain
-1
09
Poland
10
Sweden
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%

Migration Experience

Looking at immigration experience reveals that respondents who have immigrant parents or are immigrants themselves tend to earn significantly more (although speculating on the causes of this correlation is beyond the scope of this survey).

And while Japan shows the highest immigration levels among respondents, this is almost certainly due to the survey failing to reach the native Japanese population more than to any real demographic trend.

On the other hand, despite being known as “a nation of immigrants”, only 17% of respondents from the U.S. have immigrant roots, versus 22% overall.

Were you born in your current country of residence?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1
Yes
2
Yes, to one or more immigrant parents
3
No, in a different country
4
No, in a different country to one or more immigrant parents
5
Other Answers
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%

Native Languages

When comparing the lists of native languages (tab 1) and languages learned later on (tab 2), one entry stands out: while only 20 respondents speak Japanese natively, 140 of them have learned it, reflecting the country's strong cultural pull.
What are your native languages?
(자유 형식 질문)
Multiple
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
01
English
02
German
03
French
04
Spanish
05
Russian
06
Portuguese
07
Dutch
08
Polish
09
Italian
10
Swedish
11
Ukrainian
12
Czech
13
Hungarian
14
Hindi
15
Norwegian
16
Finnish
17
Romanian
18
Hebrew
19
Slovak
20
Chinese
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
16%
Percentage of women and non-binary respondents among those who specified their gender.

Looking at the data reveals that while most factors are not strongly correlated with gender, a few key areas definitely are.

For example, men tend not to experience workplace discrimination as much, and are also much more likely to identify as straight/heterosexual.

다음 중 어떤 항목이 당신을 설명하나요? 하나를 선택해주세요.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1
남자
2
여자
3
논 바이너리 or GNC
4
목록에 없음
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
우리는 다양성 데이터를 수집하고 게시하는 것이 민감한 이슈일 수 있다는 것을 인지하고 있지만, 설문조사의 포괄성과 대표성을 측정하고 개선하는 데 도움이 될 수 있도록 이러한 데이터를 얻는 것이 중요하다고 생각합니다.

Sexual Orientation

Sexual orientation is an area that lacks both data and representation in the developer community, and for that reason we decided to add it to the survey this year.

Straight/heterosexual respondents are more likely to identify as right-wing, and less likely to experience neurodivergent conditions, while both gay/lesbian and bisexual groups are more likely to be worried about rising intolerance as a global issue.

What is your sexual orientation?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1
Straight/heterosexual
2
Gay or lesbian
3
Bisexual
4
Questioning/unsure
5
asexual
6
pansexual
7
queer
8
Other Answers
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%

인종 & 민족

As one might expect, race is strongly correlated with native language (note that Country and Country of Origin are automatically filtered out here).

Another correlation worth pointing out: white respondents are more likely to be older and have more years of programming experience, which has been a recurring finding since tracking this datapoint.

다음 중 어떤 항목이 당신을 설명하나요? 모두 선택해주세요.
Multiple
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
01
백인
02
히스패닉/라틴
03
동아시아인
04
다인종
+2
05
중동인
+2
06
동남아시아인
-1
07
남아시아인
-3
08
흑인/아프리카계
09
원주민 미국인/태평양 섬 주민/오스트레일리아 원주민
10
슬라브
+2
11
유럽인
-1
12
Other Answers
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
우리는 다양성 데이터를 수집하고 게시하는 것이 민감한 이슈일 수 있다는 것을 인지하고 있지만, 설문조사의 포괄성과 대표성을 측정하고 개선하는 데 도움이 될 수 있도록 이러한 데이터를 얻는 것이 중요하다고 생각합니다.

Relationship Status

As one might expect, married respondents have more children–but not that much more. With an average of only 0.9 children, even married couples are far below the often-cited 2.1 children population replacement rate.
What is your current relationship status?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1
Married/in a relationship
2
Single
3
It's complicated
4
Other Answers
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%

Number of Kids

The global fertility collapse is in full display in this dataset, with families with 4 kids or more accounting for less than 2% of respondents.

One cause is that respondents are waiting to have children later in life (the average number of children in the 20-29 age bracket is a mere 0.07), resulting in a much shorter window before the eventual biological cutoff.

How many children do you have?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1
None
2
1
3
2
4
3
5
4
6
5 or more
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%